He followed the path of his fathers ambitious career with virour. They were hereditary monarchs. The Chola rulers, like the other Tamil groups, were mostly practitioners of Hinduism. There were different ranks with qualifications and capability. The dynasty passed through two periods of imperial dominance, the 6th to 10th centuries CE, and under the 'Later Pandyas' (13th to 14th centuries CE). The Chola kings assumed high sounding titles. One of the most prominent dynasties in Indian history is the Chola dynasty. Get 200 SSC He shifted his capital from Uraiyur to Kaveripattanan. The Chola government during the Imperial Period (850 1200 CE) was marked for its uniqueness and innovativeness. However, Malik Kafur invaded the Tamil state in 1310 and totally extinguished the Chola Empire. The The Chola dynasty was one of the longest ruling dynasties in the southern India. Rajendra Deva I, the son of Rajaraja ascended the throne after his father. There was a Council of Ministers to help the king in the state affairs. Top-10 Very Important History Questions for SSC Exams. The Chola Empire occupied present Tanjore and Trichirappalli districts with some adjoining areas. It covered Chennai, several districts of south, and Mysore. The kingship was the most powerful element of the Chola administration. 16] Chola Dynasty Chola Dynasty Notes After Sangam, the Chola became feaudatories of Uraiyur. This is evident in the inscription of Ashoka the Great (Ashoka Major Rock Editict No. The Chera dynasty (or Cra) was one of the principal lineages in the early history of the present day states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in southern India. The inscriptions and literature of those days speak of the Sabha, Mahasabha and village general assembly. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. SSC-CGL Questions on Chola Dynasty PDF. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. At its peak, the Chola Empire stretched from the island of Sri Lanka in the south to the Godavari- Krishna river basin in the north, up to the Konkan coast in Bhatkal, the entire Malabar The Chola Dynasty was the greatest among all the south Indian dynasties. The Chola dynasty spread to even parts of South East Asia Maldives, Srilanka Malay Peninsula and Indonesia. This is evident in the inscription of Ashoka the Great (Ashoka Major Rock Editict No. He annexed the whole of Sri Lanka. Some Interesting Books on Chola Dynasty and Other South India Dynasties Contribution (s) Vijayalaya Chola. The dynasty originated in the rich Kaveri (Cauvery) River valley. He founded new capital of Chola dynasty Gangaikondacholapuram at Kaveri valley. The early capital of the main Chola Kingdom was situated at Uraiyur and the kingdom extended from the river Vaigni in the south to Tondaimandalam in the North. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. The Chola rulers started the practice of electing their successor or Yuvaraja and associating him in administration during their life-time. During his reign, the Chola kingdom suddenly declined for regular invasions by the Cheras, the Pallavas and the Pandyas. The Cholas conquered Sri Lanka and Maldives Island as well. Weak rulers succeeded him. The Chola kingdom was divided in to several Mandalam or provinces with provincial governors. The Chola rulers of this period are referred to as the With his manpower, the constructed 160 Kilometer-long embankment along the Kaveri to protect the agricultural land from flood. He defeated King Mahipala in 1023 A.D., and brought water from river Ganga to his new capital Gangai Konda Cholapuram near the mouth of Kaveri. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about history. Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I were the greatest rulers of the Chola dynasty, extending it beyond the traditional limits of a Tamil kingdom. The inscriptions and literature contain chronological history of Cholas with gaps and breaks. Vijayalaya Chola was ruling from Thanjavur as a feudatory of Pallavas. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. The Chola empire was extensive and prosperous and the rulers enjoyed high powers and prestige. The Cholas and the later Chalukyas clashed for the overlordship of Vengi, the Tungabhadra doab and the Ganga country. In the third century BCE, the Cholas rose into the power of Tamil territory. Even thoughthey conquered many parts in North India still could not maintain due to theconstant attack from Gurjara Prathihara, Rashtrakutas or from other rulers. Thfe Chola Empire continued for more than a century after him. During the 9th century Sanskrit was regarded as the royal language of high culture. Vijayalaya, emboldened by the prevailing political confusion quietly seized Tanjavur and made it his capital. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The Pandya dynasty, also known as the Pandyas of Madurai, was a dynasty of south India, one of the three famous Tamil lineages, the other two being the Chola and the Chera. Parameshwaravarman II and Nandivarman II were the successors; Pallava rule lasted till 9th century A.D. Aparajita (899 903 AD) was the last Pallava ruler was defeated by Aditya I of Chola dynasty. In the third century BCE, the Cholas rose into the power of Tamil territory. Virarajendra, his successor, continued to fight against the Chalukyas and was successful. The rulers kept on increasing the boundaryby defeating many rulers still no evidence is Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Had all the Chola kingdoms united, the Cholas could have formed a bigger kingdom in the south. One of the Chalukya-Chola rulers was Rajendra II, an Eastern Chalukyan prince, who called himself Kulottunga or Star of the Dynasty. Under his rule, Sri Lanka gained independence from the Chola He won battle after battle and defeated several rulers of Southern India. Nobody knows exactly when the first Chola kings took power in the southern point of India, but certainly, the Chola Dynasty was established by the third century BCE, because they are mentioned in one of Ashoka the Great's stelae. Map of the Dynasty The Cholas ruled large parts of Southern India including Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and parts of Karnataka from the 9th to 13th. They were hereditary monarchs. At its peak, the Chola Empire stretched from the island of Sri Lanka in the south to the Godavari- Krishna river basin in the north, up to the Konkan coast in Bhatkal, the entire Malabar The army was consisted of cavalry, infantry and war elephants. The Chola kingdom continued to exist till 1310 A.D. The story of how the priests in the Chidambaram temple refused to crown in the precincts of the temple as their ruler anyone not belonging to the Chola family shows that they (Cholas) had continued to enjoy the support of their old The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling powers in world history which were the Tamil dynasty in southern India. The magnificent stature of Gomateswar at Sravanbelgola speaks about the artistic taste of the Cholas. Vijayalaya Chola was ruling from Thanjavur as a feudatory of Pallavas. Chola dynasty, South Indian Tamil rulers of unknown antiquity, antedating the early Sangam poems (c. 200 ce). They ruled over several small territories in the Tamil land. Chola empire + their rule + timeline +the rulers 1. Download SSC CGL Questions on Chola Dynasty with answers PDF based on previous papers very useful for SSC CGL exams. The last weak ruler of the Chola Dynasty was Rajendra III (1246-79 who surrendered to the pandyas. Rajendra Chola constructed a beautiful temple in his capital city of Gangai Konda Cholapuram. Several centuries later, the Chola kingdom was revived by Vijayala (A.D. 850-871) who was at first a chieftain under the Pallavas. Sivakasindamani was written by Tirukadevar and Kalingttuparani was written by Jayangondar. He also invaded Sri Lanka as also the two Islands of Laxyadives and Maldives. The other information is available in Mahavamsa, Buddhist text of Ceylon, Pillars By second century of the Christian era, a Chola king named Karikalan rose to fame as a powerful ruler. The Chola kings were avid builders and continued the temple building traditions (Dravidian style) Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I were the greatest rulers of the Chola dynasty, extending it beyond the traditional limits of a Tamil kingdom. The Chola state was like a modern welfare state. The South Indian art of sculpture is regarded as the best example of ancient India. The Chola centres of religion and learning were mostly centred around Thanjavur, Gangaikondacholapuram, and Darasuram. They ruled beyond the sea like Maldives Islands and Sri Lanka which shows that they had very efficient as well as huge naval power. Rajaraja Chola I was one of the more notable rulers of the dynasty. The Chera Dynasty He carried out the annexationist policy of his predecessor. Later Chola dynasty come under Kulothunga I ruler. The Greatest Chola ruler was Rajaraja Deva, who ascended the throne in A.D. 985, and ruled upto 1014 A.D. It saw remarkable progress in almost all spheres of life such as polity, culture and economy. The naval expedition of Rajendra Deva I against the Sailendra empire extended the Chola power up to Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and other Islands. The Chera dynasty (or Cra) was one of the principal lineages in the early history of the present day states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in southern India. The Indian Chola dynasty is an important landmark in the history of India. Disclaimer Copyright, History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History, Top 3 Powerful Rulers of South India | Indian History, Cholas of Tanjore: Society, Polity, Economy and Culture, South Indian Kingdoms: The Pallavas of Kanchi and the Cholas, The Chalukyas Kingdom: Rule and Culture of Chalukyas, Forts in India: 5 Magnificent Ancient Forts in India, Mosques in India: 15 Ancient Mosques in India. Ottakuttan was the famous court poet of the Cholas. The age of Kamban was regarded as the golden age of Tamil literature. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Together with the Cholas of Uraiyur and the Pandyas of Madurai, the early Cheras were known as one of the three major powers (muventar) of ancient Tamilakam (a macro region in The Pandya rulers were of the Brahmanical faith but they were tolerant of other religions.The Pandya Rulers performed Vedic Sacrifices in the early centuries. His death in 1070 A.D. was followed by a disputed succession and civil war. Rajendra Chola I was one of the greatest monarchs of India who was from Chola dynasty which was once ruled by greatest rulers like Karikala Chola, Vijayalaya Chola, Aditya Chola I etc,. After a succession of many good rulers, the last two great Chola rulers were Rajadhiraja (1166-1180 CE), and Kulottunga III (1178-1218 CE). The Chola army was well organised and extremely disciplined. Other Chola rulers included Adhirajendra, Kullotunga I (1070-1110 A.D.), Vikrama Chola (1120-1135) and Kullotunga II (1135-1150 A.D.). Source-accessed on 21/12/2019. It is unknown when the Chola Dynasty was founded, although it is traditionally said to have been in existence before the period when the early Sangam poems were written, i.e. He was a great builder, an able administrator and a conqueror. The Subramaniya temple at Tanjore, the Airavateswaram temple at Darasuram and Tribhubaneswara temples belong to the Chola period. The king commanded the army in the battlefields. Chola dynasty was founded on the banks of Kaveri River. The dynasty passed through two periods of imperial dominance, the 6th to 10th centuries CE, and under the 'Later Pandyas' (13th to 14th centuries CE). Castiesm, child marriage and Sati system prevailed. The rulers paid high regards to scholars, saints and poets. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Vijayalaya The Founder The founder of Chola Kingdom was Vijayalaya who conquered the kingdom of Early Cholas The most of the information on early Cholas are available in Sangam literature. Amritsagar was the famous Jain poet of the Chola age. This section is mainly taken for research purpose from Early Chauhn dynasties: a study of Chauhn political history, Chauhn political institutions, and life in the Chauhn dominions from C. 800 to 1316 A.D., by Take a free SSC CGL mock test. Rajendra chola 2 is the answerGive thanks if like my answer rohitbandyopadhyay06 rohitbandyopadhyay06 11.10.2020 History Secondary School answered Name any two great rulers of the Chola Dynasty 2 Military. Rajaraja Chola (985-1014 AD) was the one of the imperialistic and greatest Chola rulers. Adhirajendra Chola was the last king of the Imperial Chola, he had no successor to his reign, his daughter married to western Chalukya ruler Koluttunga after which the reign of Later Chola started. He was one of the greatest kings of the South India and was known as "Rajaraja the Great".Under the rule of Rajaraja the Chola kingdom grew into an extensive and well knit empire. The Rulers. >>>>> >>>>> Kalabhra Uprising. The sources of information of the Cholas are derived from inscriptions, monuments, and literature. The region of Tamil Nadu or Tamilakam, in the southeast of modern India, shows evidence of having had continuous human habitation from 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE. The Chola kingdom of the ninth century was called Cholamandalam or Caromandala. Content Guidelines 2. However, the contribution of the Chola rulers to Tamil literature, art and architecture has left a lasting and highly noticeable legacy throughout the region. Influential rulers of the Chola Dynasty:- Vijayalaya (848-870 AD) ruled over the north of the river Kaveri and founded the imperial Cholas. The Ashokan inscriptions also give us references of the Chola kingdom. Saivism enjoyed royal patronage while Vaishnavism became a strong religious force in Chola kingdom. Download SSC CGL Questions on Chola Dynasty PDF. CHOLA DYNASTYCHOLA DYNASTY The most successful of the royal houses of southern India, the Cholas were first mentioned in the rock inscriptions of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the middle of the third century b.c., together with their perennial rivals, the Pndyas and Cheras. Rulers of Chola Dynasty. 848891 AD. The glory of the Chola art and architecture lay in the creative genius of the people of the South. Some of the important rulers of Chola dynasty are Vijayalaya Chola - He was the founder of Chola dynasty. Under Rajaraja Chola I (r. 985 1014 AD) and his successor, Rajendra Chola (r. 1014 1044 AD), the Chola Dynasty reached its pinnacle. Here, we are giving the list of Chola Rulers and their contribution for general awareness. The cholas received a set back at the hands of the Rastrakutas in the battle field of Takkolam. Rajendra Chola also b uilt famous Gangaikondachola Temple (Dravida style) in the new capital of Chola dynasty. around the 2nd century AD. The threefold classification of the village property prevailed. Irrigation facilities were provided to farmers from rivers, tanks and wells. Vijayalaya Chola - He was the founder of Chola dynasty. The king was the supreme authority of the state. There was a natural reaction against this chaos and chaos. Chola Dynasty: Founder, King's Names & Last King The Chola Dynasty. Under these two rulers, the Cholas conquered Sri Lanka, expanded their territory to the north as far as the Ganges River, and even brought maritime Southeast India under their The Chola rulers established a sound administrative system along with their wars and expeditions. Defeated the combined army of Pandyas and Cheras. The Brihadesvara Temple at Tanjore stands as a fine specimen of Rajarajas temple architecture. The Cholas were an ancient southern Indian, Hindu family that took over the river valley of the Chola Dynasty Founding and Rulers. There was a dynasty of rulers called the Muttaraiyar who ruled the territory around Tanjavur and Pudukkottai. Kambans Ramayan is considered a classic in Tamil. He invaded the kingdoms of Chalukyas, Pandyas and Kalinga. Early Cholas . Later Rulers: The last able ruler of the Chola dynasty was Rajadhiraj Chola. A highly developed committee system for the village assembly was constituted for local self government of the villagers. In the beginning of the 13th century, the Chola dynasty began to gradually decline until it was finally absorbed by the powerful Pandya kings. He ruled over the Thanjavur region of South India. He defeated the Pallavas, Pandyas and Bana kings. The dancing figure of Siva, called Nataraja, is considered as a master piece of Chola sculpture. There he built a temple for Kali (Nisumbasudani). Not only did the Cholas outlast Ashoka's Mauryan Empire, they continued to rule until 1279 CEmore than 1,500 years. Rajendra Cholas daughter was married to the Chalukya Prince, Vimaladitya. Name of Chola Rulers (Kings) Period of Rule. Welcome to HistoryDiscussion.net! Nobody knows exactly when the first Chola kings took power in the southern point of India, but certainly, the Chola Dynasty was established by the third century BCE, because they are mentioned in one of Ashoka the Great's stelae. The creative genius of the people found expressions in the literature of the Chola period. The Pandya dynasty, also known as the Pandyas of Madurai, was a dynasty of south India, one of the three famous Tamil lineages, the other two being the Chola and the Chera. Rajendra Cholas daughter was married to the Chalukya Prince, Vimaladitya. Pallavas, Chalukyas & Kadambas All 3 were brahaman dynasties. During his period, Mahipala I had to face constant threat from Chola dynasty ruler Rajendra Chola I. In 993 AD when Cheras sought support from the Sri Lankan rulers, the Cholas captured the northern portion of Sri Lanka and the capital-Anuradhapura was captured and they also raided another capital The Chola empire was extensive and prosperous and the rulers enjoyed high powers and prestige. Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I were the greatest rulers of the Chola dynasty. It saw remarkable progress in almost all spheres of life such as polity, culture and economy. Moovar Koil. 1) of the third century BC which mentions three crown kings of Tamilakam such as the Cheras, Pandya, and Cholas. 16] Chola Dynasty Chola Dynasty Notes After Sangam, the Chola became feaudatories of Uraiyur. Map of the Dynasty The Cholas ruled large parts of Southern India including Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and parts of Karnataka from the 9th to 13th A good number of court poets composed their works in Tamil and other languages. The Chola kingdom continued to exist till 1310 A.D. Life under the Cholas: The Chola rulers established a sound administrative system along One of the famous Chola dynasty temples, it was built during the reign of Chola king Raja Raja and designed by the famous architect Sama Varma between 1003 and 1010 AD.The Brihadisvara Temple houses the tallest vimanam in the world, a 3.7-meter tall linga of Lord Shiva. Aditya Chola - He ended the Pallava kingdom and made an independent Chola kingdom. The rule of Chola dynasty rose to prominence in 850 when their ruler Vijayalaya defeated the Pallavas and took over Tanjore from them. At the same time, a policy of religious toleration was followed by the Chola kings. Not only did the Cholas outlast Ashoka's Mauryan Empire, they continued to rule until The Chola kings assumed high sounding titles. 1. Uraiyur (now Tiruchchirappalli) was its oldest capital. The legendary King Karikan was This travel experience helps you to discover the different aspects of the Maratha influence on the architecture, sculpture, literature, painting, dance, music and theatre traditions of Thanjavur, which was once the capital of the Chola But the Chola race could not achieve that unity. The scholars of Chola period worked for excellence in every sphere of literature and culture. According to the ancient Tamil text Silappadikaram, the Tamil kings defended their forts with catapults that threw stones, huge cauldrons of Probably the main people of Bengal chose Gopal as the ruler of the entire state.The Pala Empire was the major dynasty The Chola dynasty was one of the longest ruling dynasties in the southern India. No public clipboards found for this slide, Chola empire + their rule + timeline +the rulers. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. One of the Chalukya-Chola rulers was Rajendra II, an Eastern Chalukyan prince, who called himself Kulottunga or Star of the Dynasty. However, other religious groups such as Jainism, Islam, and Buddhism were also found in Tamil society. The other information is available in Mahavamsa, Buddhist text of Ceylon, Pillars of Ashoka and Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Raja Raja Chola I (907-1014 AD): Orchestrated the resurgence of the Cholas. The Chola rulers were not only mighty conquerors and great administrators, but also great builders. Chola Dynasty - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Pagalendis work Nala Vanba, the Tamil version of the love story of Nala Damayanati, is a classic of Tamil literature. Thereis no exact evidence to show the geography of Pala but it is believed that theyruled the entire region of Bengal. The Chola village assemblies enjoyed autonomus power. Early Cholas The most of the information on early Cholas are available in Sangam literature. The eastern coast of India, where the Chola Rulers ruled called Cholomandalam or Chola Kingdom. The Chola army crossed the Ganga, and to commemorate that occasion, Rajendra Deva I assumed the title of Gangai Konda Chola. The Chola navy and warships were also known for valour. During their time the Dravidian art and architecture reached a high degree of perfection. The Chola rulers built networks of roads which were useful for trade and commerce. He was a patron of art and architecture. They provided a strong and stable administration. The Cholas maintained a big army and a powerful navy. The mighty Chola Empire once again sank into obscurity by the middle of the thirteenth It is for these reasons that the Chola period is considered as one of the finest phases of the South Indian history. The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling powers in world history which were the Tamil dynasty in southern India. He defeated the Cheras, the Pandyas and the Western Chalukyas. The Cholas figure prominently in The system of local self government was prevailing in the Chola period. It is believed that many Southern royal families claimed their origin from the Cholas. The simplicity of the design of the Each Mandalam was also divided into Upamandalam or Kottams. There are List of dynasty of Chole and some important question multiple object type questions and answer for all kinds Starting with Vijayalaya, the Chola dynasty ushered in a grand revival of religion and literature in the southern part of India that continued unabated until the 10th c. CE. Uruvapperhare-iulanjeltani 1st Ruler achievements victory over rulers under the Chera and Pandyan kings at Venni, near Tanjore conquered Sri Lanka construction of Kaveri canal was a master of seven musical nodes. Palascould not steadily maintain the geography and it kept on changing. His kingdom included almost the whole of South India, the Maldives and a part of Sri Lanka. Privacy Policy3. Some of the important rulers of Chola dynasty are. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. TOS4. Even with constant threat from Chola ruler Mahipala conquered back parts of Bihar, Varanasi and the surrounding areas. CHOLA EMPIRE 2. Eventually, the Chola Dynasty was defeated by the neighboring Pandya Dynasty and the rule of the Cholas ended in 1279. Each Kottam was sub-divided into a number of districts or Nadus. They offered sacrifices before gods before wars. Rajendra Chola 12. The history of the Cholas falls into four periods: the Early Cholas of the Sangam literature, the interregnum between the fall of the Sangam Cholas and the rise of the Imperial medieval Cholas under Vijayalaya (c. 848), the dynasty of Vijayalaya, and finally the Later Chola dynasty of Kulothunga Chola I from the third quarter of the 11th century. A great empire builder, Rajendra Deva I, was a patron of education and art. Life at the time of Chola Kingdom Throughout its history, spanning the early Upper Paleolithic age to modern times, this region has coexisted with various external cultures. The fortifications were mostly made up of bricks but other materials like stone, wood and mud were also used. The last era in the Chola Dynasty history is referred to as the Later Chola era, which started not long after the reign of Rajendra Chola, and ended in the latter half of the 13th century A.D. Kulothunga I, whose father was an Eastern Chalukyan prince, and mother a Chola princess, was the first ruler The village committee was responsible for assessment and collection of land revenue, maintenance of law and order and other aspects of village administration. Other Chola rulers included Adhirajendra, Kullotunga I (1070-1110 A.D.), Vikrama Chola (1120-1135) and Kullotunga II (1135-1150 A.D.). The Eastern Chalukyas and the Cholas had inter-married through the generations and thus a new clan was born. His feet crossed the Bay of Bengal and invaded the outside rulers. Image Source. Those three modes of enjoyment of privileges were known as somudayam (common property), palabhogam (permanent property) and ekabhogam (sole enjoyment property).
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